Application - Industrial Water - Chemical
Most Frequently Asked Questions
| Parameter | Purpose of Test | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorine, Free |
Data used to control Chlorine based disinfection processes, required for reporting at POE and in the distribution system, also used in monitoring in the distribution system during flushing and line break maintenance. EPA Primary DW Standard at 4.0 mg/L as CL2. | 8021 10231 |
| Silica, LR/ULR | Control silica in boiler feedwaters (Allowable silica concentration is inversely proportional to boiler operating pressure.) Can cause scaling in boilers and cooling systems. | 8186 8282 |
| Iron | Can cause deposits in water lines, boilers, etc. Causes stains. Can interfere with industrial processes (dying, tanning, papermaking, etc.) May indicate corrosion. | 8008 8147 8112 10229 |
| Phosphate, Reactive LR | Can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems. Also used as a boiler treatment, to precipitate calcium and avoid calcium sulfate scale formation on surfaces. | 8048 8178 10209 |
| Phosphate, Reactive HR | Can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems. Also used as a boiler treatment, to precipitate calcium and avoid calcium sulfate scale formation on surfaces. | 8178 8114 10214 |
| Hardness, Titration | Monitor incoming water for mineral content. Adjust product water quality and sensory factors. Monitor performance of water softening systems, to avoid scaling and assess load on reverse osmosis systems. | 8213 8226 |
| Alkalinity | Control flavor/sensory/quality issues in bottled waters. May be used to adjust product water (e.g. in brewing). | 8203 8221 |
| COD Chemical Oxygen Demand |
Used as a surrogate for BOD, and for effluent reporting when allowed by discharge permit. Provides a measure of organic "food" available to biological treatment steps and an estimate of the effect of the plant effluent on the receiving body. Can be correlated to BOD on a plant-by-plant basis, if influent characteristics are constant. | 8000 10067 |
| Chlorine, Total |
Data used to control Chlorine based disinfection processes, required for reporting at POE and in the distribution system, also used in monitoring in the distribution system during flushing and line break maintenance. EPA Primary DW Standard at 4.0 mg/L as CL2. | 8167 10070 10232 |
| Silica, HR | Control silica content of drum water in low pressure boilers. Silica-based additives can be used as adsorbed-film corrosion inhibitors in cooling systems. | 8185 |
| Calcium (Ca Hardness) Titration |
Monitor incoming water for mineral content. Adjust product water quality and sensory factors. Monitor performance of water softening systems, to avoid scaling and assess load on reverse osmosis systems. | 8204 8222 |
| BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand |
Provides a relative measure of "food" available to biological treatment process steps, the degree of stabilization of the wastewater and an estimate of the effect of the effluent on the receiving water body. Used for plant loading/design considerations and EPA reporting. 5 day test period is too slow for process control - many plants use COD or TOC as an estimate. | 8043 8215 |
| pH (buffer) | Standardize pH meters for monitoring/control of pH throughout plant. | pH meter & electrode - see instrument manual |
Also Consider
| Parameter | Purpose of Test | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Sulfite | Control concentration of sulfite-based oxygen scavengers (generally low pressure boilers). | 8071 8216 |
| Turbidity | Surrogate for suspended solids concentration measurement. Particles can cause deposition in water lines. | Turbidimeter (2100xx) - see instrument manual |
| Phosphate, Total | Can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems and drinking water distribution systems. Also used as a boiler treatment, to precipitate calcium and avoid calcium sulfate scale formation on surfaces. Total phosphate includes reactive (ortho), inorganic (poly) and organic forms. | 8190 10209 10210 |
| Ammonia | Control ammonia-based pH control additives, corrosion of copper and zinc alloys in boilers. | 8038 10031 10205 |
| Ammonia, ISE | Control ammonia-based pH control additives, prevent corrosion of copper and zinc alloys in boilers. Also used to monitor product processes. | Meter and ISE - see ISE and meter manuals |
| Chloride | Monitor incoming water/control salt content for taste consistency/health issues. | 8206 8207 8225 |
| Hardness, LR/ULR | Assure that demineralizer systems are producing ultrapure feedwater, to avoid scaling in boiler systems. | 8030 8374 |
| Molybdenum, HR | Anodic corrosion inhibitor for cooling systems. | 8169 |
| Nitrate, HR | Used in some boiler systmes to inhibit metal embrittlement. May have additional applications which vary by facility operations/products. | 10020 8039 10206 |
| Nitrite, HR | Used at high concentrations as an oxygen scavenger in closed cooling systems. | 8153 10237 |
| Sulfate |
Monitor mineral content/flavor issues. Regulated in drinking water. | 8051 10227 |
